In Newlands' table, the elements were ordered by the atomic weights that were known at the time and were numbered sequentially to show their order. Continuing Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner's work with triads and Jean-Baptiste Dumas' families of similar elements, he published in 1865 his " Law of Octaves", which stated that "any given element will exhibit analogous behaviour to the eighth element following it in the table." Newlands arranged all of the known elements, starting with hydrogen and ending with thorium (atomic weight 232), into eight groups of seven, which he likened to octaves of music. Newlands was the first person to devise a periodic table of chemical elements arranged in order of their relative atomic masses published in Chemical News in February 1863. Later he quit the refinery and again became an analyst with his brother, Benjamin. In 1868 he became chief chemist of James Duncan's London sugar refinery, where he introduced a number of improvements in processing. Returning to London, Newlands established himself as an analytical chemist in 1864. He was interested in social reform and during 1860 served as a volunteer with Giuseppe Garibaldi in his military campaign to unify Italy. Newlands was home-schooled by his father, and later studied at the Royal College of Chemistry, now part of Imperial College London. Newlands was born in London in England, at West Square in Southwark, the son of a Scottish Presbyterian minister and his Italian wife. Newlands' birthplace in West Square, Lambeth
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